Week 4: US Army

I. Mission: consists of four preceps:

1. Preserve peace and security while defending the US and its territories, commonwealths, possessions, and areas it occupies

2. Support national policies

3. Implement national objectives

4. Overcome nations that commit aggressive acts that imperil US peace and security

II. Purpose

1. Fight and win our nation’s wars

2. Provide land force dominance

3. Deterrence through overseas force protection

III. Vision – be the world’s best army

1. Values-based organization

2. Integral part of the joint team

3. Equipped with the most modern equipment and weapons

4. Changing to meet new challenges

IV. History

A. Created June 14, 1775 by the Continental Congress

1. Raised 10 companies of riflemen

2. Approved enlistment method

3. Appointed committee to draft Army regulations

B. Defeated the British at Yorktown in 1783 à Led to the Treaty of Paris and US independence

C. Campaigns

1. Revolutionary War

2. War of 1812

3. Mexican War

4. Civil War

5. Spanish War

6. China Relief Expedition

7. Philippine Insurrection

8. WWI

9. WWII

10. Korean War

11. Vietnam

12. Desert Storm

13. Desert Shield

D. Joint Missions

1. Operation PROVIDE COMFORT (Iraq)

2. Operation RESTORE HOPE (Somalia)

3. Operation JOINT ENDEAVOR (Bosnia)

4. Operation ENDURING FREEDOM (Afghanistan)

V. Organization

A. Two Components

1. Active – full-time soldiers and civilians under the Dept. of the Army à Number of these determined annually by Congress

2. Reserve

a. US Army Reserve – resources needed to deploy overseas for combat; main source of support and combat service support units

b. Army National Guard

· Federal Role – provide trained forces for quick mobilization

· State Role – commanded by governor and provides trained forces for domestic emergencies

B. Three War Fighting Communities

1. Combat Arms – main war-fighting branch; equivalent to Navy’s unrestricted line

a. Air Defense, Armor, Aviation, Engineer, Field Artillery, Infantry, Special Forces (7)

2. Combat Support – supports combat arms; equivalent to Navy’s restricted line

a. Chemical Corps, Military Intelligence, Military Police, Signal Corps (4)

3. Combat Service Support – support for prolonged combat operations; equivalent to Navy’s Staff Corps

a. Adjutant General Corps, Chaplain Corps, Finance Corps, JAG, Medical Corps, Ordnance, Quartermaster, Transportation (8)

C. Unit Organization (smallest to biggest)

1. Squad – 8 to 10 soldiers; led by E5

2. Platoon – 4 squads; led by O1 / O2

3. Company – 4 platoons; led by O3 … biggest unit with a single individual in charge of all command responsibilities

4. Battalion – 4 companies; led by O5 and a HQ element

5. Brigade – 4 battalions; led by O6 + HQ … an enhanced Brigade has additional attachments

6. Division – 3 to 4 brigades + support units; commanded by O8 … 10 Active Divisions

1) 1^st Armored – Bad Kreuznach, Germany

2) 1^st Cavalry – Ft. Hood, TX

3) 1^st Infantry – Wurzburg Germany

4) 2^nd Infantry – Uijonbu, South Korea

5) 3^rd Infantry – Ft. Stewart, GA

6) 4^th Infantry – Ft. Hood, TX

7) 25^th Infantry – Schofield Barracks, HI

8) 10^th Mountain – Ft. Drum, NY

9) 82^nd Airborne – Ft. Bragg, NC

10) 101^st Airborne – Ft. Campbell, KY

a. Division Types (5)

· Armored – trained to dominate battlefield maneuvers (Ex: 1^st Armored)

· Airborne – infantry focus on immediate, large-scale deployment; can secure objectives in any weather (Ex: 101^st Airborne)

· Air Assault – infantry which attack with helos; rapidly deploy over great distance to attack flanks, rear (Ex: 101^st Airborne)

· Light – infantry which operate effectively in restricted terrain and weather; quickly infiltrate enemy lines (Ex: 10^th Mountain)

· Mechanized – infantry trained to defeat armor units through cooperation with friendly tanks; use M2/M3 tank (Ex:1^st Infantry)

7. Corps – 2 to 4 divisions + support units; commanded by O9 … 4 Active Corps:

1) I Corps – Ft. Lewis, WA 2) III Corps – Ft. Hood, TX

3) V Corps – Heidelberg, Germany 4) XVII Corps – Ft. Bragg, NC

VI. Officer Accession

A. Must have a 4-year degree from an accredited university

B. Goes through ROTC, West Point, or enlisted commissioning program

1. ROTC officers take ROTC labs and military science courses

2. Two-year college ROTC officers attend Basic Camp at Ft. Know, KY one summer

a. Prior enlisted in ROTC do not have to do Basic Camp

3. Between 3^rd and 4^th year of college – Advanced Camp in Ft. Lewis, WA

a. Squad tactics

b. Evaluated on leadership abilities

4. ROTC receive commission after graduation (or after Advanced Camp if they wait to do Advanced Camp until after graduation)

5. Post Advanced Camp – Officer chooses a specialty and then attend Officer Basic Course (OBC) for their specialty

VII. USMA – West Point

A. Mission: To educate, train, and inspire the Corps of Cadets so that each graduate is a commissioned leader of character committed to the values of Duty, Honor, Country; professional growth throughout a career as an officer in the United States Army; and a lifetime of selfless service to the nation.

B. History – Pres. Jefferson signed legislation to create USMA in 1802 … Goals: end US reliance on foreign engineers and artillerists

1. Father of USMA Col. Sylvanus Thayer – Sup from 1817 – 1833

a. Made civil engineering base of curriculum

2. Early Graduates

a. In charge of building the nation’s roads and bridges

b. Distinguished themselves in Mexican and Indian wars

c. High ranks on both sides of Civil War

3. Alumni: Generals Grant, Jackson, Lee, Sherman

VIII. Iran and Iraq – past weeks it has been broad concepts, so just read the article over

A. 1^st LT Renneman – class of ’51 USNA (6’ 7” – too tall for USN so he opted to transferred to Army)

B. Played tackle in 1950 and beat the 48-game winning streak Army team that was expected to crush them

C. Korea; in charge of a Rifle Platoon: 7^th Division à 17^th Infantry Regiment (Buffaloes) à 3^rd Battalion (Blue Buffaloes) à K Company

1. Stationed in Chorwon with Kumwah Valley; Patrols constantly harassed by hills bunkered in Hill 202

a. He was ordered to take the hill with his platoon; had no tank support because of heavy mist

b. He led the charge into heavy small arms fire and grenades; LT Renneman picked up the grenades and threw them back

c. and fell; his body could not be recovered

d. The next day his body was recovered and it had been cleaned and left otherwise untouched – very unusual

· A note was on his body praising his valor from the Chinese (or asking for nine of their men in exchange)

· Awarded highest Army award

Platforms	M2/M3 Bradley	M270 MLRS	AH-64 Apache	UH-60 Black Hawk	OH-58 Kiowa Warrior
Mission	mobile protected transport and cavalry scout missions	all-weather, indirect, area fire weapon system	of high-value targets with the HELLFIRE missile	front-line utility helo for air assault /cavalry and med evac	armed reconnaissance helicopter
Weapons	25mm chain gun 7.62mm machine gun TOW twin-tube missile launcher	12 Rockets Note: MLRS = Multiple Launch Rocket System	M230 30mm gun 70mm Hydra Rockets AGM-114 Hellfire AGM-122 Sidearm AIM-9 Sidewinder	2xM60D 7.62mm machine gun	.50 cal machine gun 70mm Hyrda rockets AGM-114 Hellfire STINGERs
Crew	3	3	2	3 + 11 armed soldiers	2
Speed	45mph	64 kmph (max)	150 knots	142 knots	80 / 125 knots
Visual ID